Digital Equity

Running head: Digital Age Grand Canyon University: With the expansion of web use and the utilization of the advanced innovation shoppers have affected the manner in which we see wellbeing administrations and the social insurance conveyance framework. Since buyers are looking for wellbeing data online it causes use to reexamine the manner in which we think about the clinical data we get from our essential consideration supplier and the connection between that supplier and his patients. Numerous customers look for data for themselves, for companions and family.Consumers look for wellbeing data by means of the web, telephone, fax, email framework, conversation sheets, interpersonal organizations, gatherings, and release sheets. The foreseen moves in administration are auxiliary to the absence of instruction, proficiency abilities, and doubt of suppliers, neediness, and the absence of wellbeing inclusion. â€Å"Consumers over all classifications old enough, training, salary, race, ethni city and wellbeing status expanded their data looking for essentially, yet instruction level remained the key factor in clarifying how likely individuals are to look for wellbeing information† (Tu, Cohen, 2008).A second purpose behind an adjustment in administration usage is the significant expense of clinical treatment and the protection premiums that patients must compensation. With the expansion of money related obligation patients have an increment inspiration to get wellbeing data and say something regarding their alternatives for treatment and installment. By utilizing the web customers have an important instrument that enables them, lessens social detachment, and assists purchasers with distinguishing clinical issues. One of the most basic manners by which the intensity of data can impact customers is by discovering approaches to help the shopper emotionally.The District of Columbia and their central government has discharged another local wellbeing data association (RH IO) intended to improve the manner in which medicinal services is conveyed. By empowering the utilization of the Health data innovation (HIT) they are improving consideration. The crucial the District of Columbia Primary Care Association (DCPCA) is to advance medicinal services change. The DCPCA achieves its crucial advancing the wellbeing value of poor people, uninsured, and the underserved inhabitants of the network. Through the mplementation of wellbeing change the District of Columbia has attempted to improve social insurance benefits through patient shared records, and clinical results over the association. â€Å"In 2009 social insurance change requested that we complete three things: (1) Improve the soundness of the populace everywhere; (2) upgrade the patient experience; and (3) diminish the per capita cost of care† (Baskerville ,S, 2011). With the ongoing improvement and developing patterns of cutting edge advanced innovation our more established patients can explore wellbeing data through the web and online technology.The web itself has changed the manner in which our older populace sees sicknesses and conditions auxiliary to the manner in which the data is shown. By expanding what we view and how we see it, we as customers go to three significant sites to look for clinical data, Medline Plus, Health Finder, CAPHIS. Patients look for trust commendable wellbeing data for arrangements and furnishing them with extra information in which to ask their clinical supplier. Clinical sites are intended to improve the capacity of the debilitated and the old through correspondence, social enthusiastic help, and upgrading the patient supplier relationship.The similitudes of network wellbeing data organize (CHIN) and wellbeing data arrange (HIN) is that they focus on helping administrations for a solitary network, while (RHIN) territorial wellbeing data organize focuses on the social network. Jaw hopes to improve proficiency, diminish care cost and upgrade s ocial insurance conveyance. RHIN is viewed as a multi-partner association. RHINO comprise of medical clinics, bosses and payers, and little centers. RHINO’s reason for existing is to empower the appropriation of wellbeing data technology.RHINOS’s primary target in the wellbeing organization is to improve nature of conveyance tolerant consideration, arrange wellbeing data, persistent client care and decrease conveyance care cost. References McGarth, N. (2010). Under tension: The changing job of medicinal services CIO. Recovered from http://www. necelevateperformance. com/pdf/Healthcare/EIU_NEC_Whitepaper. pdf Tan, J. (2010). Versatile wellbeing the board information framework. (third ed. ). Sudbury MA: Jones and Bartlett. Baskerville, S. (2011). Status of Health Care Reform Implementation in the District of Columbia. Recovered May 13, 2012 from online article source:

Careers in Acoustic and Audio Equipment Design :: Essays Papers

Professions in Acoustic and Audio Equipment Design Sound designers have a fascinating blend of character qualities. From one perspective they will in general love music and need to play a part in making it. Then again they are likewise admirers of innovation and ‘cool gear’. Alongside an enthusiasm for innovation typically comes an enthusiasm for seeing how it functions †a craving to ace the innovation. With certain individuals likewise comes a longing to go past the most recent rigging and ‘do it better’. They want to make new innovation which will give a definitive listening/handling/recording/and so on experience. This paper will investigate vocation openings that exist for those individuals. There are various regions of sound related plan in which to seek after a profession. To represent, consider the ordinary unrecorded music show. Most importantly, the presentation scene should be acoustically intended to give a decent listening condition. Each of the performers’ instruments is structured and relying upon the instrument the plan could have included acoustic just as electronic information. Sound support for the show includes a heap of gear each with it’s own plan models. At last, if the show is to be recorded and delivered on a CD, all the account hardware would should be planned just as the studio that it is utilized in. To structure something is to imagine and design. It is the craft of making the plan of parts or subtleties of something. Moreover, the purpose of structuring something is to address an issue or to take care of a characterized issue. Every one of the distinctive structure errands associated with the show situation requires an alternate kind of plan aptitude. There are essentially four territories of configuration included - acoustics, hardware, modern plan and mechanical structure. Every one of these zones covers with the other to some degree. Besides, every one of these territories has a ‘art’ side and a ‘science’ side to them. Acoustic fashioners make the arrangement for execution spaces like show lobbies just as recording studios, and whatever other space that necessities to give a quality listening condition. They may likewise be engaged with determining hardware to give sound support in the setting. Some acoustic plan firms offer a full scope of administrations, which may incorporate site examination, inside structure, lighting, force and HVAC frameworks, wire the board, planning, development organization, and acoustic tuning (Droney).

Visual Learning with Mind Mapping (Guide) - Focus

Visual Learning with Mind Mapping (Guide) - Focus This is a guest post by  Jesse Berg, MSIT, M.Ed. Jesse  is the author of Visual Leap: A Step-by-Step Guide to Visual Learning for Students and Teachers  and a  former teacher, instructional technologist, and educational speaker. Connect with Jesse on Twitter via @visualleap.   Mind mapping is often considered a visual learning strategy for brainstorming or visualizing ideas, but it is actually far more than that. The value of mind mapping goes beyond simple webbing done in elementary school. It is a universal thinking strategy; a way to organize ideas and learn just about anything. As I explain in my book, Visual Leap: A Step-by-Step Guide to Visual Learning for Teachers and Students, the reason mind mapping works so well is because it matches how people naturally think which is not how most people are taught.   In this article, I offer a breakdown of the  cognitive learning theories  behind how the visual learning technique, mind mapping, can assist learners. I also provide 8 template mind maps, which you can take straight to the classroom. Why is Visual Learning So Useful for Learners? For teachers and students, mind mapping offers a fundamentally different way to work with information. For most of our lives, we are asked to learn information that is presented in a linear form. Lectures, videos and textbooks all present information in orderly linear ways with a beginning, middle and end.  This is excellent for delivering information, but synthesizing and integrating new information the key to deep learning requires very different cognitive processes. This is where visual learning and mind mapping come in. Mapping allows students to capture ideas and integrate content in no fixed or prescribed order, and in ways that use multiple senses. When mapping an idea, a person can skip around from topic to topic, but rather than leading to confusion, mind mapping provides  an effective way to capture thinking as it happens. Using our visual, spatial and kinesthetic senses, mind mapping allows people to build a visual model of a concept and organize that information logically. Mind mapping lets learners interact with ideas like puzzle pieces. This allows them to see ideas develop and reflect on their thinking as ideas take shape.  Interacting with ideas by moving them around visually and spatially gives learners an authentic and self-directed method to work with information and construct new knowledge. The definition of metacognition is a  reflection on one’s own thinking, and mind mapping creates an environment where this naturally occurs. Mind mapping is a uniquely elegant learning strategy because it seamlessly integrates linear, convergent (left-brain) thinking with divergent, non-linear (right-brain) thinking. This visual learning strategy effectively engages the whole mind in processing and analyzing new information. By engaging the whole mind in learning, mind mapping makes learning easier. Whether individuals consider themselves to be visually oriented learners or not, mind mapping provides the ideal framework to develop ideas.  It can be used for note taking, writing, reading comprehension, presenting, comparing, review, analysis and much more. Teachers who explore mind mapping as an instructional strategy will be surprised by the countless ways to integrate this universal visual learning strategy. Cognitive learning theories justify mind mapping in education, but your students’ response to the method is the most important proof you will need.   Don’t take my word for it. Test mind mapping for yourself. Experiment with non-linear thinking in your classroom. Provide students with a new framework in which they can see their ideas develop. How to Start Mind Mapping in Class There are myriad ways to integrate mind mapping into teaching and learning. To start, try using mind mapping as a way to assess the prior knowledge of your class. Have students map out what they already know about the topic you are about to teach. For young students, try mapping a simple topic like “pets.” For older students beginning a unit on World War II, for example, use that topic as a main idea to develop. As students build visual maps, they will see how their initial ideas fit into a larger picture of the lesson or unit. As the unit covers more content, continue to build on your maps to reflect acquisition of new knowledge. Teachers and learners alike will gain a  deeper understanding of the content by seeing how information fits together as a whole. Plus, using mind maps this way is one of the best ways to clearly show the growth and learning that transpired from the beginning of a unit to the end. Mind maps are beneficial in any subject. They can demonstrate what teachers aim to achieve in a lesson or term, they can be integrated into classes as teacher-led activities and students can create their own. Below are a few examples of how to use mind maps as a visual learning strategy in education. Go ahead and use these in your own classroom, or use them as a springboard from which to make your own: Character web (ELA) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Character Analysis Web (i.e. Calamity Jane) on MindMeister. Summary web (ELA) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Summary Web on MindMeister. Persuasive essay (ELA) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Persuasive Essay on MindMeister. Article comparison (ELA) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Article Comparison on MindMeister. Event analysis (SS) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Event Analysis on MindMeister. Lab report (Science) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Lab Report on MindMeister. Classification (Science) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Classification on MindMeister. Textbook note taking (Study skills) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Textbook Chapter on MindMeister. Teaching your students how to learn Mind mapping offers students a bold new way to think critically, analyze information, and see their ideas develop. It allows students to use their creativity to think in a way that matches how they naturally process information. As one recent High School graduate said after a workshop on mind mapping: “I always felt that I was slower than the other kids, that I was dumb. Now I feel like I can go to college.” Mind mapping gave him a powerful learning strategy and newfound academic confidence. It unlocked his mind.  This student’s experience demonstrates how mind mapping can transform the lives of students by providing them with a new way to learn. If this big, easy method impacts your students as it has impacted me and mine, then teaching this skill will be among the greatest services you can deliver as a teacher. It will prepare your students to be independent thinkers, problem solvers and lifetime learners capable of solving the surprises of an uncertain future. If you teach your students how  to learn with this visual learning technique, you will provide them with a tool for lifetime success. Introduce mind mapping in your classroom Try MindMeister for Education From $1 per student! Try MindMeister for Education Visual Learning with Mind Mapping (Guide) - Focus This is a guest post by  Jesse Berg, MSIT, M.Ed. Jesse  is the author of Visual Leap: A Step-by-Step Guide to Visual Learning for Students and Teachers  and a  former teacher, instructional technologist, and educational speaker. Connect with Jesse on Twitter via @visualleap.   Mind mapping is often considered a visual learning strategy for brainstorming or visualizing ideas, but it is actually far more than that. The value of mind mapping goes beyond simple webbing done in elementary school. It is a universal thinking strategy; a way to organize ideas and learn just about anything. As I explain in my book, Visual Leap: A Step-by-Step Guide to Visual Learning for Teachers and Students, the reason mind mapping works so well is because it matches how people naturally think which is not how most people are taught.   In this article, I offer a breakdown of the  cognitive learning theories  behind how the visual learning technique, mind mapping, can assist learners. I also provide 8 template mind maps, which you can take straight to the classroom. Why is Visual Learning So Useful for Learners? For teachers and students, mind mapping offers a fundamentally different way to work with information. For most of our lives, we are asked to learn information that is presented in a linear form. Lectures, videos and textbooks all present information in orderly linear ways with a beginning, middle and end.  This is excellent for delivering information, but synthesizing and integrating new information the key to deep learning requires very different cognitive processes. This is where visual learning and mind mapping come in. Mapping allows students to capture ideas and integrate content in no fixed or prescribed order, and in ways that use multiple senses. When mapping an idea, a person can skip around from topic to topic, but rather than leading to confusion, mind mapping provides  an effective way to capture thinking as it happens. Using our visual, spatial and kinesthetic senses, mind mapping allows people to build a visual model of a concept and organize that information logically. Mind mapping lets learners interact with ideas like puzzle pieces. This allows them to see ideas develop and reflect on their thinking as ideas take shape.  Interacting with ideas by moving them around visually and spatially gives learners an authentic and self-directed method to work with information and construct new knowledge. The definition of metacognition is a  reflection on one’s own thinking, and mind mapping creates an environment where this naturally occurs. Mind mapping is a uniquely elegant learning strategy because it seamlessly integrates linear, convergent (left-brain) thinking with divergent, non-linear (right-brain) thinking. This visual learning strategy effectively engages the whole mind in processing and analyzing new information. By engaging the whole mind in learning, mind mapping makes learning easier. Whether individuals consider themselves to be visually oriented learners or not, mind mapping provides the ideal framework to develop ideas.  It can be used for note taking, writing, reading comprehension, presenting, comparing, review, analysis and much more. Teachers who explore mind mapping as an instructional strategy will be surprised by the countless ways to integrate this universal visual learning strategy. Cognitive learning theories justify mind mapping in education, but your students’ response to the method is the most important proof you will need.   Don’t take my word for it. Test mind mapping for yourself. Experiment with non-linear thinking in your classroom. Provide students with a new framework in which they can see their ideas develop. How to Start Mind Mapping in Class There are myriad ways to integrate mind mapping into teaching and learning. To start, try using mind mapping as a way to assess the prior knowledge of your class. Have students map out what they already know about the topic you are about to teach. For young students, try mapping a simple topic like “pets.” For older students beginning a unit on World War II, for example, use that topic as a main idea to develop. As students build visual maps, they will see how their initial ideas fit into a larger picture of the lesson or unit. As the unit covers more content, continue to build on your maps to reflect acquisition of new knowledge. Teachers and learners alike will gain a  deeper understanding of the content by seeing how information fits together as a whole. Plus, using mind maps this way is one of the best ways to clearly show the growth and learning that transpired from the beginning of a unit to the end. Mind maps are beneficial in any subject. They can demonstrate what teachers aim to achieve in a lesson or term, they can be integrated into classes as teacher-led activities and students can create their own. Below are a few examples of how to use mind maps as a visual learning strategy in education. Go ahead and use these in your own classroom, or use them as a springboard from which to make your own: Character web (ELA) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Character Analysis Web (i.e. Calamity Jane) on MindMeister. Summary web (ELA) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Summary Web on MindMeister. Persuasive essay (ELA) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Persuasive Essay on MindMeister. Article comparison (ELA) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Article Comparison on MindMeister. Event analysis (SS) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Event Analysis on MindMeister. Lab report (Science) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Lab Report on MindMeister. Classification (Science) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Classification on MindMeister. Textbook note taking (Study skills) Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Textbook Chapter on MindMeister. Teaching your students how to learn Mind mapping offers students a bold new way to think critically, analyze information, and see their ideas develop. It allows students to use their creativity to think in a way that matches how they naturally process information. As one recent High School graduate said after a workshop on mind mapping: “I always felt that I was slower than the other kids, that I was dumb. Now I feel like I can go to college.” Mind mapping gave him a powerful learning strategy and newfound academic confidence. It unlocked his mind.  This student’s experience demonstrates how mind mapping can transform the lives of students by providing them with a new way to learn. If this big, easy method impacts your students as it has impacted me and mine, then teaching this skill will be among the greatest services you can deliver as a teacher. It will prepare your students to be independent thinkers, problem solvers and lifetime learners capable of solving the surprises of an uncertain future. If you teach your students how  to learn with this visual learning technique, you will provide them with a tool for lifetime success. Introduce mind mapping in your classroom Try MindMeister for Education From $1 per student! Try MindMeister for Education

Essay on Analysis of Countee Cullens Yet Do I Marvel

Analysis of Countee Cullens Yet Do I Marvel Poetry is often meant to be smooth, flowing, pleasing to the ear and the mind. To achieve this effect, many poets use different poetic techniques to help convey the meanings of their poetry. In the sonnet, Yet Do I Marvel written by Countee Cullen, many different features of poetry is used. In this essay, I will discuss the relationship between the meanings and the theme Cullen tries to convey in his sonnet and the techniques of metaphors, both religious and non-religious, allusions to Greek mythology, different rhyme schemes and repetition that he uses. In his sonnet, Cullen uses strong themes of religious metaphors while adding many non-religious metaphors at the same time.†¦show more content†¦Allusions of Greek mythology provide excellent images for Cullen?s questions as the mythology seem like metaphors themselves. ?Make plain the reason tortured Tantalus / Is baited by the fickle fruit,? (Lines 5 ? 6). In Greek mythology, Tantalus was one of Zeus?s non-immortal sons who became immortal by dining with the Gods. However, after telling his friends the secrets of the Gods, he was punished by being place up to his chin in water that he could not drink, and with fruit in sight that he could not reach. Cullen uses Tantalus as an allusion to question God about why humans are given grace of the Gods/God, but are kept from the ?fruit? of actually being divine-beings. By saying, ?Make plain?, he wishes for God to tell him in terms that he could understand. Again, the speaker makes clear his position relative to that of God. ?declare / If merely brute caprice dooms Sisyphus / To struggle up a never-ending stair.? The second example of allusion that Cullen uses is the story of Sisyphus, who was the king of Corinth and for his efforts in trying to avoid death and Hades, he was condemned eternally to roll a huge boulder uphill. Cullen uses Sisyphus to make a connection to this ?Mortal Coil? we all endure. We all work and go about our daily lives, but towards what end? What is the point of our work and our lives? Is it out of caprice that God has done this to us? Did God doom us to this on a whim? Again, in Cullens view, GodShow MoreRelatedJames Langston Hughes And Countee Cullen934 Words   |  4 Pages James Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen were prominent poets. These poets were at the time of the Harlem Renaissance during the 20th century. Hughes and Cullen wrote for others to understand the stories of African-Americans living in the United State. These men had differences in their writing, but one mu tual objective. James Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri on February 1, 1902. Hughes began writing poetry when he lived in Lincoln, Illinois. The Weary Blues was his first book of poetryRead More The Work of Countee Cullen Essay1861 Words   |  8 PagesCountee Cullens poetry was extremely motivated by race. He produced poetry that celebrates his African American Heritage, dramatizes black heroism, and reveals the reality of being black in a hostile world. In Harlem Wine, Cullen reveals how blacks overcome their pain and rebellious inclinations through the medium of music (Shields 907). James Weldon Johnson said that Cullen was always seeking to free himself and his art from these bonds (Shields 905). In Yet Do I Marvel, Cullen raises questions

Biology Chemical Tests and Test - 2049 Words

Biology 100 Lab Laboratory Report Title: Identifying the four major classes of macromolecules through various tests. Group Members: Antonia Johnson, Payton Ewing, Lenneisha Hepburn, Kendisha Hanna, Introduction: Macromolecules also known as biological molecules are monomers which are the simple units of polymers. All macromolecules contain carbon and hydrogen which are found in organic compounds. In this Experiment we will test for the presence of protein, starch, lipids, and sugars by analyzing the content off food and / or other substances by utilizing different testing methods. In the scientific method, a chemical test that is sensitive to these groups can be used to identify molecules that are in that class. Testing involves†¦show more content†¦To the same test tube 10 drops of Sudan IV dye was added. The test tube was then shaken and allowed to set for 1 minute. The test tube was then carefully observed for the distribution of dye, water and salad oil. The results were then recorded and the experiment was repeated with the remaining substances. The Grease Spot test (test for lipids ) An unglazed paper was obtained and several drops of food item/substance to be tested were then added. An observation was then made for a translucent grease mark on the paper. Results were then recorded Results Biuret Test Test tube Number | Biuret reagent | Substance to be tested | Color Before | Color after the substance was added | 1 | 10 drops | 1ml of 10% albumin | Blue | lilac | 2 | 10 drops | 1ml of milk | Blue | lavender | 3 | 10 drops | 1ml of potato | Blue | clear | 4 | 10 drops | 1ml 50% egg albumin | Blue | purple | 5 | 10 drops | 1ml boiled bean mixture | Blue | Rusty brown | 6 | 10 drops | 1ml 10% sucrose | Blue | Clear | 7 | 10 drops | 1ml unknown | Blue | Yellow/green | 8 | 10 drops | 1ml control | Blue | lilac | 9 | 10 drops | 1ml salad oil | Blue | Emissible (did not mix) | 10 | 10 drops | 1ml Chicken (cooked) | Blue | Lavender | Iodine test (test for starch) Test Tube Number | Drops of Iodine | Substance to be tested | Color Before the substance was added | Color After the substance was added | 1 | 4 | Potato | Brown | Black | 2 | 4 |Show MoreRelatedThe Influence of Light on Photosynthesis1500 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess of converting light energy into chemical potential energy and storing it as starch. This process occurs in plants and some algae. Plants need light energy, CO2, and H2O to make sugar. The process of photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts, specifically using chlorophyll in green leaves. We have been told in class that the four factors necessary for photosynthesis are light, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll and temperature. The factor I decided to test was light because photosynthesis is oftenRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Wrong?1288 Words   |  6 PagesTESTING IS WRONG The words animal testing mean to perform procedures on living animals for the research of basic human biology and diseases, finding out the effectiveness of new medical products, and testing the human health and environmental safety of consumer and industry products like cosmetics, household cleaners, food additives, pharmaceuticals and industrial/agro-chemicals and means using other living organisms except humans for testing. All procedures, even those classified as â€Å"mild,† haveRead MorePhotosintersis Experiment1317 Words   |  6 Pagescaptures energy from sunlight. Plants, algae, and some bacteria use the energy captured during photosynthesis for their metabolic reactions. During photosynthesis in plants, chlorophyll and enzymes in leaves convert certain wavelengths of light into chemical energy. A simple equation can be used to represent photosynthesis. Enzymes and Chlorophyll light energy CO2 H2O carbohydrate O2 In this investigation you will examine the relationship between the amount of light energy available and the rateRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Wrong And Cruel Animals1195 Words   |  5 Pagesher. So my love for my dog has made me realize that animal testing is wrong and cruel to animals. I will be going over some of the history of animal testing, giving examples of some of the tests that are being performed, and mentioning some of the laws and acts created. While reading through this think is this test necessary when the animals will be put through cruel procedures. This is why I think that animal testing should be reevaluated to see if it is really worthwhile. What is animal testingRead MoreAnimal Testing : Inhumane And Unmoral1351 Words   |  6 Pageslives for next to no reason while subject to test in laboratories that give us these products. Animal testing is inhumane and unmoral. It needs to be stopped and the public needs to be educated about what is animal testing and the negative effect it has on animals, educated on animal testing alternatives, and educated on which organizations to support in the world to get rid of animal testing. Animals are test subjects of numerous products. Animal test subjects are used to see if products are unsafeRead MoreThe Effect Of Temperature On Rate Of Enzyme Activity1493 Words   |  6 Pages Each enzyme was then placed in a test tube with hydrogen peroxide and the rate of enzyme activity was measured. The result was that the rate of enzyme activity decreased as the temperature increased for the liver enzyme, but increased for the potato enzyme. Introduction/Hypothesis: An enzyme is usually a protein that works as a catalyst, which is anything that helps to speed up, or catalyze, the chemical reaction (BolsterMoss, n.d.). To speed up a chemical reaction, enzymes lower the activationRead MoreUsing Benedicts Reagent, Iodine, And Biuret Reagent1191 Words   |  5 PagesDevyn Dubose Class Bio301 January 28th. 2016. 2:00 pm Title: Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to test various materials, using benedicts reagent, iodine, and biuret reagent Hypothesis: If you were to heat a substance and the color were to change to black then it will be an organic substance If Benedicts is added to different substances a chemical reactions occurs which causes the substances to turn red-brown. If the testing material contains starch it will turn a black-blue color whenRead MoreAlzheimers Disease Takes Away Our Loved Ones Before They Are Gone794 Words   |  4 Pagescholesterol. Biology of psychology 3 While there is no single test the doctors can do to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease, there are many factors they take in effect before saying a person has the disease. Doctors will do a variety of tests including, a complete family history (is there a history of Alzheimer’s disease in the family) and a physical examination (is the person depressed; do they have a traumatic brain injury that can cause the same symptoms?). The next step is to do tests on the brainRead MoreWhat Is Life? Worksheet1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthe fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affect biology. Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms. It oversees every living process and organism. According to Arizona State University (2003), â€Å"by controlling the information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism; biochemical processesRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Stop Testing Their Products On Animals1722 Words   |  7 Pagesin leading to new discoveries and human benefit. However, what many people tend to forget are the numbers of animal subjects that have suffered serious harm during the process of experimentation. Each day across America innocent animals are used as test subjects for products that have little to no relevance importance. Animal testing has had many negative issues arise in society in a negative way. Debating over the animal rights movement has raised many questions and concerns for years. There is an

Ten Minute Time Sample Observation Free Essays

Ten minute child’s observation Observer: someone Aim: To do a ten minute time sample observation of a child engaged in a play activity. Date of observation: 29 11 2011 Observation started: 9. 55 Observation completed: 10. We will write a custom essay sample on Ten Minute Time Sample Observation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 05 Child’s Initials: AWDate of Birth or Age: 4 years 5 months Legend: Child observed = AWOther girl = ESG = small group P= pair of childrenSOL = alone Evaluation : During the observation I did, AW was engaged in play all the time. She was playing with other children most of time. She is confidently interacting with other children while playing. She speaks clearly, in simple sentences. Asks simple questions. In ten minutes time she used even five areas in the nursery; so she’s very confident in there. Also, she doesn’t like staying in one area for a long time and she engages in imaginative play. Interested in shapes while in gluing activity. From this observation, I can tell that she has a good social skills, but, also, that she likes to dominate and tell other children what to do. Plays very well with E, likes to spend time with her, but sometimes doesn’t want to take turns. Time Setting Language Social group Comments 9. 55 In a construction area, going to play hide and seek. AW Â ® E ‘see if you can find me. ‘ E Â ® AW ‘I’m sure I will’ P AW is going to find some place where to hide, E is not looking. 9. 56 In construction area hiding under the table. None SOL AW is hiding and E is trying to find her looking in all the nursery areas. 9. 57 In house corner – AW is hiding in the wardrobe None SOL AW has changed area, E didn’t notice her. Finally E finds AW in the wardrobe. AW is very happy. 9. 58 Music area AW Â ® E ‘can you please turn the music o? ’ E Â ® AW ‘sure, I can’ P AW is in music corner together with E again. She has a suitcase full of things. She found a remote control and gave it to E. 9. 59 Music area Whispering to each other P AW and E are hiding behind the armchair and laughing silently. 10. 00 New experiences area AW: ‘I want to be a dog; I want to be a dog!!! ’ SG AW, E and to other girls are playing in new experiences area. AW finds a dog bed and she’s pretending that she is a dog lying in dog’s bed. 10. 01 New experiences area E Â ® AW ‘let me be a dog now? ’ AW: ‘no, I am a dog!!! ’ SG AW doesn’t allow E to be a dog, because she wants to be a dog and she is still lying in a dog’s bed. 10. 02 New experiences None SG AW is still in a bed, pretending sleeping. 10. 03 New experiences AW: ‘sssh, I am sleeping’ SG AW is telling other girls to be quite, because she is sleeping. Other girls are quite now. 10. 04 Gluing area None SG AW is taking some card boxes from the shelf, measuring them and comparing shapes. 10. 05 Gluing area None SG AW took some boxes from the shelf and she put some glue on it. Later she took decorations from the box and started to decorate her art. She plays silently How to cite Ten Minute Time Sample Observation, Essays

Litmus, What Is It and Why Is It Important free essay sample

Litmus, what is it? And why is it important? Litmus was first used around 1300 AD by Arnaldus de Villa Nova, a Spanish alchemist . The word Litmus, comes from the Norse word, meaning ‘to dye, or color’ . Litmus is a common acid-base indicator. Acid-base indicators are indicators used in chemistry as chemical detectors. They provide information about changes in the environment. They are widely used in chemistry due to the fact that they change color reversibly, indirectly indicating the concentration of hydrogen ions present in tested solutions or mixtures. Being one of the most well known acid-base indicators, litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes derived from natural substances, lichens, especially Roccella tinctoria, which is a kind of composite organism consisting of symbiotic association of a fungus with a photosynthetic partner, most commonly green algae . Litmus can be in a dark blue aqueous form, and it can also be absorbed onto filter paper to become the most common and oldest form of pH indicator. We will write a custom essay sample on Litmus, What Is It? and Why Is It Important? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Neutral litmus paper is purple in color In the presence of acids, blue litmus paper turns pink; In the presence of alkalis, red litmus paper it turns blue. Hence, it is often used for testing for the presence of acids and alkalis. This color change occurs over the pH range of 4. 5 – 8. 3 at 25Â °C. Litmus itself is a weak acid , when it is un-ionized it is red, when it is ionized, it is blue. If litmus is added to a solution where there is a presence of hydroxide ions, the hydroxide ions will react with the hydrogen ions from litmus, the equilibrium position moves to replace the lost hydrogen ions, hence litmus turns blue. Similarly, when it is added into a hydrogen ion containing solution, there will be extra hydrogen ions and so the equilibrium will shift in the other direction, to remove the extra hydrogen ions present, hence litmus turns red. When the concentration of hydrogen ions and unionized limus is the same, a position of equilibrium is reached and the neutral state will be shown by the color purple, a mixture of red and blue. Having many uses in the science field, litmus is certainly an important indicator. It can be used in various fields of science, such as and not limited to, chemistry, biology, and botany. In chemistry, it is most recognized as an indicator used for determining whether substances are basic or acidic. It can also indicate end points during experiments involving titrations. Litmus paper is also very commonly used by chemistry teachers to teach topics related to acids and bases. In biology, litmus paper can be utilized to test specific environmental and biological factors, testing the pH levels. Knowing the pH of the environment is of high importance in this field as most life forms can only survive in a very small range of pH levels. For example, with homo sapiens, humans, the pH levels in their blood have to be very constant, slight changes like blood carbon dioxide levels can easily result in serious damage, coma and may even lead to death. An example of pH testing in this field is the pregnancy test, where the urine acidity of subjects can indicate whether or not they are pregnant. In the field of botany, which is the scientific study of plants , litmus can be used in testing the pH of soil. Plants can only grow in soil of some ranges of pH, if soil is too acidic, they cannot grow or develop properly. If the pH is not right, fertilizers composed of basic components such as calcium carbonate can be used to help foster plant growth. To conclude, litmus is an acid-base indicator with a long history of use in many fields of science and has much importance in those fields. http://chemistry.about.com/b/2009/01/09/what-is-litmus-paper.htm http://www.ehow.com/about_5061005_uses-litmus-paper.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litmus http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acidbaseeqia/indicators.html http://www.normalbreathing.com/CO2-blood-pH-respiratory-alkalosis.php http://www.botany.org/bsa/careers/car-what.html

Bermuda triangle free essay sample

The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devils triangle is said to be one of the most dangerous and mysterious areas of the ocean known to man. It has been held responsible for the disappearances of over 2000 vessels, 75 airplanes and many innocent lives in the past 3 centuries. But the question is how? What really happened in this deadly body of water? There are many theories about what is going on in the Bermuda Triangle. From human error, to the lost city of Atlantis all the way to paranormal activity and Extra Terrestrials. Today I will be talking to you about the mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle. The Bermuda Triangle is located between three main points in the Atlantic Ocean, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Miami, Florida and the Island of Bermuda. The triangle is formed by connecting an imaginary line between these three points with an area of the about 500,000 to 1,000,000 square miles. We will write a custom essay sample on Bermuda triangle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Flight 19 is said to be one of the first known flights to go down in the Bermuda triangle. The aircraft was filled with US naw avenger bombers on a training mission. When the plane went down, it was said that the flight leader was heard saying We are entering white water, nothing seems to be right. We dont know where we are, the water is reen, no white. This raised suspicion about whats really going on in the so called Devils Triangle. It is very possible that the plane had Just run into some bad weather, but some believe weather is not the cause of these vanishing planes. Im not saying I have come up with the answer to what is going on in the Bermuda triangle, but here are some reasonable answers I have come across; 1. Bad weather. The part of the Atlantic in which the Triangle is located is very close to the Caribbean Sea which tends to get many tropical storms. This could be the cause to all of these strange disappearances. Intense storms may be causing ships to sink or planes to crash. But bad weather is only one of the many theories people have come up with. 2. Human error and amateur sailors. The coast guards are said to get over 8000 distress calls a year, thats more than 20 a day! But most of the time, the issue is minor, running into a rough patch of water or a shortage of gas. . Traffic. There are many planes and boats that go through the Bermuda triangle every day. Because its so busy, vessels and planes could be crashing into each other and falling into the ocean below. 4. Underwater earthquakes. In shallow water, underwater earthquakes can cause sunamis in the far east of the triangle. (and) 5. The gas bubble theory. Scientists say that a high concentration of gas hydrates have been fou nd in the Bermuda area which causes the water to become less dense in small patches. This could cause ships to sink quickly without and trace. Believe it or not,some think the tragedies are caused by the lost city of Atlantis. Some even say that government is behind it. The government supposedly runs an underwater base called A. U. T. E. C. It stands for Atlantic Undersea test and evaluation center. It is located in the middle of the triangle where the naw tests new ubmarines, weapons and sonar. Some people think the government has been working with extraterrestrials and that A. U. T. E. C. is actually used for testing reverse engineered alien technology. Some also say the mythical lost city of Atlantis is causing these mysterious disappearances because ot a stone trail called Bimini road. Its supposedly part of the lost city and possesses advanced technology that is interfering with radio signals in vessels and aircrafts. These theories are more farfetched than earthquakes and amateurs but some think this could be the reason to the mysteries in the triangle. Bermuda Triangle free essay sample Have you ever wondered what The Bermuda Triangle is about and why it is a great mystery? Then my speech on the Bermuda triangle will help you understand more about this strange thing. The Bermuda triangle is a strange and mysterious region in the south West Atlantic ocean where people, ships, boats and air craft flying over it have been sucked in to its stormy waters or disappeared. The triangle is located in the islands of Bermuda, Miami, Florida and Puerto Rico and it is Also known as the devil’s triangle and covering an area of about 500000 miles. The need to undertake findings on the Bermuda triangle arose from what many journalists and other writers described the area to have experienced an extraordinarily high number of disappearances of ships, airplanes and people compared to any other region in the sea or ocean. The first notable sources of strange experiences in the region can be traced back to the 15th century. We will write a custom essay sample on Bermuda Triangle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In one of his many voyages while in this region in 1492, Christopher Columbus reported cases of strange fire balls crushing into the ocean and compass malfunctions. Some have approximated the figures of disappearances in the last one hundred years as one hundred ships and planes each, and over a thousand people. Flight 19 Among the most notable cases of disappearances documented is â€Å"Flight 19†. On December 5th 1945, five fighter jets left Fort Lauderdale for a mission drill in the area defined by the triangle. The commander of the operation Charles Taylor was an experienced pilot although the other pilots were still students under his command. About one and half hours after take off, Taylor reported to the air traffic controllers that his compass was not functioning. The last faint radio signals to be heard indicated Taylor was in charge and flying farther away from the base in the wrong direction. One search operation plane was also lost during the search for flight 19. The remains of Flight 19 have not been spotted to date. Bermuda Triangle is an imaginary Theory In examining the above mentioned case of Flight 19, there were many indicators that Bermuda Triangle was an imaginary belief. All the documented evidence showed that Taylor had lost his way in deep sea and refused to control the the plane to a fellow pilot. A report was received that Flight 19 disappeared under mysterious circumstances. Columbus among many others are said to have sighted lights in the sky that are associated with UFOs. One of the claims about this triangle is that, UFOs are responsible for accidents and disappearances. There is no evidence to suggest that lights are not from flying saucers and as such must be from UFOs. Similarly, the source of light can be one or many things: a meteor, lightning or earthquake. Additionally, in times of Columbus tracing the direction depended on the sighting of North star only visible at dusk. During all those other hours at sea, one could get lost over any number of degrees in the compass in any direction. Conclusion In everyday life, such myths are a common place. Many people have spent much valuable time and resources in getting involved to these widely accepted â€Å"facts† in life. For instance, such beliefs could lead to potentially harmful behavior in case of sciences associated with health and medical practices. Examining the correctness of data and all the possible explanations to a phenomenon could be a great asset towards making important conclusions and decisions in life. Therefore the Bermuda triangle is case that has not yet been solved.

How to Study for an Open Book Test

How to Study for an Open Book Test Open book tests teach you how to find information when you need it, and under a significant amount of pressure.   Even more importantly, the questions are designed to teach you how to use your brain. And contrary to popular belief, you do not get off the hook when it comes to studying for an open book exam. You just need to study a little differently. Open Book Test Questions Most often, the questions on an open book test will ask you to explain, evaluate, or compare information from your textbook. For instance: Compare and contrast the different views of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton as they pertained to the role and size of the government. When you see a question of this nature, dont bother scanning your book to find a statement that summarizes the topic for you. Most likely, the answer to this question will not appear in a single paragraph in your text- or even on a single page. The question requires you to have an understanding of two philosophical views that you could only comprehend by reading the entire chapter. During your exam, you will not have time to find enough information to answer this question well. Instead, you should know the basic answer to the question and, during the test, look for information from your book that will support your answer. How to Prepare for an Open Book Test If you have an upcoming open book test, take the following steps to prepare. Read the chapters ahead of time. Dont expect to find quick answers during the test.Know where to find everything. Observe headings and sub-headings and make your own outline. This reinforces the structure of the text in your mind.Mark all important terms with sticky notes and flags. If the teacher allows it, mark your texts with these removable tags wherever you notice important concepts and terms. Be sure to ask first!Review lecture notes for themes. Your teachers lectures usually provide an overview of the themes and concepts that appear on tests. You wont always get this by reviewing the book alone.Make your own notes if allowed, and write down important formulas or concepts that you’ve covered in class. What to Do During the Open Book Test First, evaluate each question. Ask yourself if each question requires facts or interpretation. The questions that require facts may be easier and faster to answer. Fact-based questions will begin with expressions like: List five reasons . . . What events led up to. . .? Some students like to answer the fact-based questions first, then move on to the interpretation questions, which require more thought and concentration. As you answer each question, you will need to quote the book when appropriate to back up your thoughts. Be sure to quote only three to five words at a time- otherwise, you may find yourself copying answers from the book, which will result in a loss of points.

The Great Fire of London 1666 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Great Fire of London 1666 - Research Paper Example There are a number of factors that came into play and that worked together to turn a small, simple fire into the greatest conflagration in the history of England. Samuel Pepys, the famous diarist of Stuart England, experienced the Great Fire first-hand, and was instrumental in the successful efforts to halt the inferno. Pepyss diary entry of September 2, 1666, states that one of the household maid-servants, on her arrival at the Pepys household that morning, told of a great fire that was at that moment raging in the city. The entry further relates what Pepys himself found when he went personally to investigate the situation in his duty as Clerk to the Royal Navy. Much of what is known about the Great Fire comes from Pepyss own account and subsequent investigations undertaken after the event. The fire itself was ignited in the premises of Thomas Farynor (or Farriner), the Kings Baker (perhaps an appropriate name for a baker or one who works with flour, taken from the old French word for flour, farine). It is believed that cinders or sparks were ejected from one of the bakers ovens earlier in the evening, at about 10:00pm, and started a small fire in the bakery. In the investigation Farynor swore that this fire had been extinguished. This may in fact have been the fire that Lord Mayor Bludworth was thinking of when he described the Great Fire as being so small that â€Å"a woman might piss it out†, perhaps unaware of the magnitude of the actual conflagration that had by then taken hold. In any event, the bakers home was an inferno by 1:00am, and the Great Fire grew from there. The fire spread from Farynors residence in Pudding Lane east towards the Tower of London, south towards the Barbican, west towards Temple Bar and north toward the Thames River and London Bridge. Pushed forward by strong easterly winds, it progressed

The Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Internet - Essay Example The same letter now takes just the click of a mouse to bridge that distance over the Internet. With the advent of VoIP, it is now possible to engage in ‘face-to-face’ video chats with persons in any corner of the globe with tools such as Skype. Moreover, this is accomplished at a miniscule price, in comparison with the cost of airmail postage or telephone tariffs. The speed of communication the Internet offers is particularly appreciated at times of emergencies, and natural disasters, when warning signals can be instantly transmitted across the globe. The life-saving benefits of this speed of communication cannot be denied. Social life has undergone a sea-change with the advent of the Internet. As the Internet has demolished â€Å"the traditional communications constraints of cost, geography, and time,† it has opened up a whole new world of social interaction (Glassman, 2010). Before the Internet, socialization was defined by the limited boundaries of face-to-face interaction. E mail, social networks, online chatting, files sharing, gaming, and discussion groups have made social horizons infinite. The Internet provides opportunities for the development and improvement of social ties. Long-lost friends from school and college days, who faded irrevocably out of lives in the past, are now rediscovered, and friendships are renewed, on social networking sites, such as Facebook and MySpace. News and photographs are exchanged easily. The Internet remains unrivalled in â€Å"creating, cultivating, and continuing social relationships† (Glassman, 2010). It is now possible to maintain twenty-hour social connectivity and frequent updates through sites such as Twitter. The Internet creates opportunities for social interaction between... Social life has undergone a sea-change with the advent of the Internet. As the Internet has demolished â€Å"the traditional communications constraints of cost, geography, and time,† it has opened up a whole new world of social interaction (Glassman, 2010). Before the Internet, socialization was defined by the limited boundaries of face-to-face interaction. E mail, social networks, online chatting, files sharing, gaming, and discussion groups have made social horizons infinite. The Internet provides opportunities for the development and improvement of social ties. Long-lost friends from school and college days, who faded irrevocably out of lives in the past, are now rediscovered, and friendships are renewed, on social networking sites, such as Facebook and MySpace. News and photographs are exchanged easily. The Internet remains unrivaled in â€Å"creating, cultivating, and continuing social relationships† (Glassman, 2010). It is now possible to maintain twenty-hour soci al connectivity and frequent updates through sites such as Twitter. The Internet creates opportunities for social interaction between people of like-minded interests and tastes, regardless of their place of residence. Voluntary organizations, religious, civic and social groups harness the power of the Internet to encourage participation, organize activities, raise funds, and recruit members through tools such as Facebook, Twitter, blogs, and texting. The Internet has remade the business world. Shopping no longer requires a visit to the mall or the corner supermarket.

Behavioural and Cognitive Approaches to Learning

Behavioural and Cognitive Approaches to Learning Compare and contrast two perspectives in psychology and the ways in which they study learning. Illustrate you answer with specific research examples from Chapter 3 of Book 1. There are a number of perspectives regarding psychology that explore the nature of learning. However, for this assignment the two perspectives chosen are the behavioural approach to learning and the cognitive approach to learning. The behavioural approach to learning involves the observation of behaviour in conjunction to the environment. The behaviourist approach to category learning was introduced by Watson and expanded upon in principle by Pavlov‘s and later Skinner’s research. These formed the two general perspectives in conditioning. Classical conditioning was introduced by Pavlov (Miell et al, 2002). Pavlov observed that in relation to certain stimuli an animal’s behaviour could be manipulated through association. Using the animal’s typical response to hunger, it was indicated that there was a crucial relationship between a stimulus and a learned response. His work indicated that an animal’s natural reflex to hunger could be conditioned through an association to a manipulated neutral stimulus (Miell, 2002). This manipulated response was named the conditioned response. This relationship formed the basic premise to the concept of psychological learning from the perspective of classical conditioning. Operant conditioning introduced by Skinner suggested a notion of interactive learning rather than responsive learning. Using reinforcement, Skinner manipulated the environment of some Rats to see to what extent their behaviour could be shaped through conditioned learning which indicated levels of intelligence rather than that of pure responsive learning (Skinner, 1948/1990). The rats in his experiment changed their behaviours through techniques such as positive reinforcement. This provided evidence for the nature of learning as being one of interaction rather than purely adherence to responding to stimuli. From both of these perspectives that form the behavioural approach we can see that shaping and manipulation of the external environment as being paramount to the nature of learning. Although observable through behaviour this approach does not in any way attempt to incorporate the nature of the individual within the learning process. Contrastingly, the cognitive approach focuses entirely upon thought processes and the faculties associated with the conceptual mind to in an attempt to draw out and understand the nature of learning. The cognitive approach addresses the processes involved in categorising, generalising and conceptualising the external world and how these concepts form perspectives. The cognitive approach to learning typically concerns itself with the faculties of memory and categorisation and how they relate to perception (Miell, 2002). The role of perception with relation to memory and categorisation within learning formed the interest of the psychologist Bruner. He devised a test to measure and explore the nature by which people constructed categories. Vastly different to operant and classical conditioning, Bruner’s findings suggested that there was an intelligent procedure in operation during learning that performed by way of hypothesis testing. This was indicated as being understood through stages of either acceptance or rejection based upon an intelligent process of trial testing (Bruner et al, 1956). The experiment gave the subject a set of pictures each portraying a variety of shapes. These formed the different conditions to be measured. Some of these pictures shared the same number of shapes, some of them shared the same colour of shapes and others shared the same number of borders surrounding the shapes. In each condition the shapes were marginally different. From the findings of his experiment, Bruner suggested that there were two forms of learning that could be identified in the learning process. These were named successive and conservative scanning (Bruner et al, 1956). Successive scanning was the type of learning that used the trial process of attempting one hypothesis at a time before acceptance or rejection. Conservative scanning revealed a deeper form of learning process that categorised certain classes of type before carrying out the accepting or eliminat ing of hypotheses. The latter type of category learning is subsequently a much faster and more efficient process. However, not everyone within the field of the cognitive approach to learning accepts the notion of hypothesis testing. Many researchers and theorists related to the field have argued that categories are an innate factor and so hypothesis testing is not required in the learning process (Fodor Chomsky, 1980). The main implication in this idea is that empirical category learning may not be done with the rejection of hypothesis but with the rejection of the externally governed conceptualisation of the external world. In essence, it is suggested in this approach to cognitive learning that we may need a new conceptual model for cognitive learning theory rather than that have it depend upon the convenience of presuming hypothesis testing (Fodor Chomsky, 1980). This internal theoretic argument within the cognitive approach does strengthen the behavioural emphasis that is put on the limitations of the psychological investigation. Essentially, the conceptual structure of the mind is open to interpretation as subjectivity is so very difficult to measure. As the behaviourist approach only uses observable findings it can be said that it does not to suffer from the impracticalities of this vast theoretical debate. However, this debate regarding the operation of the mind with relation to the learning process is perhaps very worthy of investigation as ending it, and thus defining learning, as an observable behaviour is hugely reductive. In both of the approaches covered in this assignment we have seen that there is a fundamental difference in cognitive and behavioural based learning. The behavioural approaches are fundamentally interested in the nature of stimuli and how behaviour can be shaped through associative learning. Whereas the cognitive ap proach is fundamentally interested in how the conceptual mind comes to categorise the external world and thus learn from it. Although both approaches form contrasting view points both agree on the fundamental principle that learning is an essential part of psychological life that is formed in correlation to the external environment. Essentially, it can be said that both approaches are vastly different. However, it should also be said that both address the individual’s relationship to the physical world with regards to learning. Bibliography Bruner, J, S., Goodnow, J, J., and Austin, G, A., (1956) A Study of Thinking New York: John Wiley and Sons. Chomsky, N., and Fodor, J, A., (1980) Statement of the Paradox, in Piatelli Palmarini, M. (ed.). Miell, D., Phoenix, A. and Thomas, K. (2002) Mapping Psychology 1. Milton Keynes, Open University. Skinner, B, F., (1946/1990) Walden Two London: Collier Macmillan.

Accounting As A Career Essay

As the decision of where I will attend college next year quickly approached, I decided to investigate the major I have chosen, Accounting. Because my goal is to become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), I would like to know more of what it entails. Dealing with numbers, and recording and projecting the earnings of a company, accountants are placed with the responsibility of keeping track of the moneys of a business. God has blessed me with skills in the areas of mathematics and organization, which caused me to look for an occupation that utilizes both. Accounting seemed a logical choice since they largely work with numbers and organize their clients’ money. In order to become a CPA, one must receive a bachelor’s degree and work for a prescribed number of hours for a top accounting firm. Covering a wide spectrum of business related specialization, accountants and those who act as auditors must be able to determine whether or not a company is using their resources effic iently and if they are correctly recording the moneys they come in contact with. I am aware that accountants work with money and the documenting of it but would like to ascertain exactly what else the job of a CPA consists of. Since the recent downturn of the American economy and job market, I began to ponder how easy it would be to attain a job as an accountant. According to Steve French, an accountant for the Calvary Satellite Network, it is easy to find an accounting job, regardless of the state of the economy, because every company needs an accountant. Also, in the opinion of Richard Schweppe, Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of CorVel Corporation, the best thing about accounting is the option of working for any type of company an individual may find interesting. Because every business needs an accountant and many people use them for tax preparation, those with a degree in accounting can easily find a job after college. Furthermore, â€Å"with fewer students earning accounting degrees, organizations are devoting greater resources to attracting these candidates.† Having thus determined the ease and likelihood that I will be able to find an accounting job upon graduation from college, I decided to lo ok into exactly what an accountant does, how they attain the title of CPA, and how much money they make. While researching the job description of accountants, I discovered multiple  types of accountants, performing jobs ranging from banking to auditing. First of all, one can become a public accountant and work for a public accounting firm. â€Å"They perform a broad range of accounting, auditing, tax, and consulting activities for their clients, who may be corporations, governments, nonprofit organizations, or individuals.† The majority of public accountants, however, work on taxes. With the constantly changing tax laws, many people hire accountants to prepare and file their income taxes. They execute tasks â€Å"such as preparing individual income tax returns and advising companies of the tax advantages and disadvantages of certain business decisions.† Tax accountants must be aware of the new tax laws and must be constantly learning and understanding all of the changes. Also, they have to face extremely hectic work schedules during the tax season. Debra Schill, who owns a Triple Check business, explained, â€Å"During tax season (January through April), I work seven days a week, from 6 to 18 hours per day†¦[and] evenings and weekends are dedicated to filling out [clients’] tax returns, getting them processed and out the door.† In addition to accurately filling out tax returns, tax accountants must be familiar with the types of businesses they are working for. â€Å"A thorough understanding of the clients’ business, investment, and personal objectives is required, as well as a thorough understanding of the tax laws and their applications.† Besides taxes, public accountants likewise perform audits. First of all, an audit can be defined as â€Å"examining a client’s financial statements and reporting to investors and authorities that they have been prepared and reported correctly.† â€Å"According to Barron’s Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms, an audit is ‘prof essional examination and verification of a company’s accounting documents and supporting data for the purpose of rendering an opinion as to their fairness, consistency, and conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.'† Although only about 15 percent of accountants actually perform them, auditing is the most widely known and the most important job of a CPA. Auditors must follow certain rules and report the facts without bias or other influences. Performing this necessary task is essential â€Å"because it ensures the integrity of the financial information on which our economic system depends.† As well as auditing, public accountants consult and offer advice to companies. â€Å"Consulting services provided by CPAs may range from brief discussions with clients in  the form of consultations or may involve larger initiatives such as implementation, transaction, or support services.† Consulting allows accountants to move from company to company, giving them a wide array of knowledge regarding the running of different companies and how to handle certain situations. Public accountants can choose to specialize in taxes, auditing, consulting, or a plethora of other opportunities. Another type of accounting that interested me was management accounting. Often referred to as industrial or private accountants, â€Å"management accountants analyze and interpret the financial information corporate executives need to make sound business decisions.† Although there are many different types of management accountants, the one that intrigued me the most was the internal auditor. â€Å"The internal auditor conducts an independent appraisal from within the organization by analyzing, criticizing, and recommending improvements to internal financial practices.† Allowed to work for a specific company, he still performs audits as he would if working for a public accounting firm. Being the company’s in-house â€Å"authority,† the internal auditor may â€Å"assist outside CPAs in their examination and evaluation of the company’s financial statements.† An internal auditor can help a company ensure that they are successfully and correctly utilizing, recording, and reporting their financial state before they are officially audited. As another alternative, an accountant can choose to work for the government. The largest employer of CPAs in the United States is the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). â€Å"IRS agents examine and audit the accounting books and records of individuals, partnerships, fiduciaries, and corporations to determine their court federal tax liability.† Working for the government would prove to be an exciting job if one becomes an investigative accountant. For me personally, I am not particularly interested in working for the government. When I am looking for a job in accounting, the skills I possess will determine my eligibility and appeal. Many abilities and skills are necessary in order to work in the accounting field. For example, I have found that  accounting is not just about number crunching, but is also about helping a company run efficiently. Personal soft skills are needed in order to effectively work with others. As a recommendation, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) states that accounting professionals should â€Å"be able to work with others to accomplish objectives†¦[and] demonstrate an ability to work productively with individuals in a diversity of roles and with varying interests.† Because of the many sides of accounting, meetings are continuously attended relating to the different aspects of the business instrumental in the running of the company. Speech and communication skills are important to effectively inform, and â€Å"firms seek strong communicators who can explain complex financial information clearly and concisely to a diverse audience.† In addition, individuals must be able to deliver presentations and express information concisely and clearly, both in speech and writing. As a result of continuously changing technology, accountants, and all business employees, must be able to advance with these many changes. Accountants will always be learning as technology and laws change. Furthermore, â€Å"given the fiduciary nature of the work [they] perform, people will rely on the information [they] provide. Honesty and integrity are qualities which are highly valued.† Because they work with money and are trusted to report the truth about a company and its financial state, I believe accountants should have a high degree of moral integrity. In addition, business sense and an awareness of events transpiring in the world are key assets when working for any company that may be affected by any shifts in the global economy. According to the Robert Half and Accountemps 2002 Salary Guide, â€Å"Companies seek professionals who can manage a broad range of accounting responsibilities, including general ledger, cost control and financial reporting†¦Individuals proficient with spreadsheet applications and who possess excellent customer service skills are highly sought after.† A personable attitude and knowledge of technology can enhance one’s resume, as well as their odds for getting a job. When Robert Half International asked CFOs â€Å"Which of the following interpersonal skills is most valued in accounting candidates today,† they responded according to the chart below. An endless amount of skills and abilities are highly recommended for accountants. After learning what an accountant does and what skills are needed, I decided to research exactly how one becomes a CPA. Most of the requirements and information on becoming a CPA was provided on the website of the California Board of Accountancy provided me with. First of all, â€Å"a CPA is a certified public accountant and is licensed by the state. In California, to earn the prestige associated with the CPA license, individuals are required to demonstrate their knowledge and competence by passing an exam, meeting high educational standards and completing a specified amount of general accounting experience.† Becoming a CPA involves an approximately six year journey, including attending a college or university. Two pathways that may take to obtain the title of CPA have been created by the California Board of Accountancy. Pathway 1 is designed for those who will practice only in California. The education requirement is a bachelor’s degree, including  twenty-four semest er units in accounting-related subjects and twenty-four semester units in business related subjects. In addition to meeting the education requirements, one must pass the Uniform CPA Exam. Given over a two-day period twice a year, this exam consists of four parts: Business Law and Professional Responsibilities; Auditing; Accounting and Reporting-Taxation, Managerial, and Governmental and Not-for-Profit Organizations; and Financial Accounting and Reporting-Business Enterprises. â€Å"If all four parts are not passed on the first attempt, applicants may establish conditional credit by passing two sections with a grade of 75 or higher during a single sitting. Once conditional credit is established, [one] may take [their] remaining unpassed exam sections individually.† Next, one must have two years of general accounting experience supervised by a licensed CPA. During this period, it is expected that one â€Å"[has] participated in planning audits†¦[;] has written comments, observations and conclusions resulting from the work performed†¦[; and] has participated in the preparation of, and reporting on, full disclosure financial statements.† I see the two years of supervised experience as a benefit to those aspiring to become CPAs. Certainly, all people who are in the process of becoming a CPA should take full advantage of this aid by learning all they can through real job experience. Pathway 2 is similar to Pathway 1 and is recommended for those who may want to practice in another state. Differences include the requirement of only one year of general accounting experience supervised by a licensed CPA in addition to 150 semester units of education. Also, conditional credit on the CPA exam is only awarded to those who pass two or more sections with a grade of 75 percent or higher and earn a minimum grade of 50 percent on the remaining unpassed sections, and is valid for three years. Although it takes a long period of time to officially become a CPA, I anticipate the challenge. This information has verified my desire to become a CPA. Consequently, I researched the salary of an accountant to see whether it provides a good income. According to the 1998-1999 Graduate Status Report of California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, the median salary of the graduates was $3083 per month and ranged from $1833 to $4333. Of the 69 students who responded to the questionnaire, 67 were employed full-time  within a year after their graduation. The Robert Half and Accountemps 2002 Salary Guide reports that novice general, audit, tax and cost accountants working in a large company ($250 million+ in sales) can earn $33,000 to $40,750, those working in a medium company ($25 to $250 million in sales) can earn $31,250 to $37,500, and those working in a small company (up to $25 million in sales) can earn $29,500 to $35.250 a year. These are only the starting salaries for those working up to one year, but those who become managers can earn anywhere from $47,500 t o $79,000 a year. Bookkeeping, an area of accounting that was of some interest to me, has relatively low salaries. Depending on the title and experience, one can earn from $24,000 to $48,500 per year. I discovered that the title that earns the most money is that of CFO or Treasurer, which can rise to $360,250. An accurate summary of the occupation of an accountant is that he â€Å"has the task of accumulating and dispensing needed financial information. Since his activities touch upon nearly every phase of business operation and financial information is communicated in accounting terms, accounting is said to be the ‘language of business.’ Anyone intending to engage in any type of business activity is well advised to learn this language.† After researching what accountants actually do, I discovered that they do much more than just crunch numbers all day. The variety and diversity of jobs available caused me to contemplate about what I would like to specialize in and what type of company I would like to work for. Moreover, interpersonal skills are important and accountants have interaction with a number of associates and clients frequently. Previously, I had thought that accountants were mostly bookkeepers, but have discovered that only a small percentage of them are and that they make the least amount of money out of the various specializations. While there are accountants who are not CPAs, becoming one will help ensure a higher income and the prestige associated with becoming a CPA. The road to becoming a CPA is longer than I had expected, but I believe it is worth the training and experience required. Since tremendous amounts of time and effort are necessary, a strong desire to become a CPA must be present in all who seek to become one. Unquestionably, the wide base of business knowledge that one studying accounting amasses allows them to work anywhere in the business environment. Accounting is a great foundation for  all business and is a great choice for anyone interested in numbers and working with people. Works Cited â€Å"Accounting: 1998-1999 Graduate Status Report.† Cal Poly Career Services. 4 April 2002 . â€Å"AICPA Career Paths.† 25 March 2002 . â€Å"AICPA Personal Competencies.† 24 March 2002 . Camenson, Blythe. Careers for Perfectionists and Other Meticulous Types. VGM Careers For You Series. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. Carson, A. B., Arthur E. Carlson, and Mary E. Burnet. Accounting Essentials for Career Secretaries. 3rd ed. Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing Co., 1972. French, Steve. Personal Interview. 10 April 2002. Goldberg, Jan. Great Jobs for Accounting Majors. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, Inc., 1998. â€Å"Licensing – Experience Requirements.† The California Board of Accountancy. 28 February 2002 . Messmer, Max. Next Generation Accountant. Robert Half International Inc. . – – -. Robert Half and Accountemps 2002 Salary Guide. N.p.: n.p., 2001. Schweppe, Richard. Personal Interview. 24 April 2002. Weinstein, Grace W. The Bottom Line: Inside Accounting Today. New York: New American Library: 1987. â€Å"What It Takes: a Guide to Becoming a CPA.† CalCPA Online. 15 April 2002 .

Poverty, What Makes People Poor

The rich, the middle class, and the poor; are described by the way we live and the amount of money one has. There are many different ways of describing what poverty is, whether it is by how you live, how much money you have, or in statistical terms. Poverty isnt always a bad thing it is just another way of living, another way of life. There are different kinds of poverty that you can measure. There is relative poverty that can be measured to the rest of the population. Relative poverty is measuring less than fifty percent than the average income or wealth that a person has. That means that if you make less than half of what the average person makes you are poor. Relative poverty still means that you are able to survive, but not to the standard that most are at. There is also absolute poverty. This means that you are unable to provide the necessary things that you need to survive in your daily life. Things like food shelter and medical attention. This is the measure that has set The Poverty Line developed by the Social Security Administration. The current poverty line is measured at $16,588 for a family of four. The poverty line is measured by the emergency food budget times three. This means that the food that a family needs to survive multiply by three. You must think that the family must pay for their bills, mortgage, and their food with this money. Seventy percent of a families income goes to house them. According to the United States Census Service there are 34.5 million Americans that are poor. This consists of 12.7 percent of the United States population. This is an under estimate of the real poverty rate because the poverty line is very conservative. About eleven million people are just above the poverty line. United States has the highest poverty rate of the worlds industrialize countries. Some people have it worse than other people. For instance women make up two-thirds of the adult poor population. This could be the cause of many things like divorce, and poor job opportunities. Even though the men and the women get divorced the men income still tend to rise. The single parent household that is headed, by a women tend to have a high poverty rate. Twenty nine and nine tenth percent of single parent families are headed by females. African American females are three time to be poor. Black female head 40.8 percent of black households. Women earnings are seventy cents to the dollar to a male worker. Children are also affected by the single parent families and are the cause of high poverty rate. Children make up 26 percent of the United States population. But they make up forty percent of the poor population. This means that 18.9 percent of all children are poor. Fifty five percent of these children are under six years old. The infantalization of poverty is the fastest growing group in poverty. This can be caused by divorce, wedlock, or a death of a parent. Children out of wedlock are more likely to be poor than any other children. There are many myths about poverty that may lead some people on. One myth is that many people think that the poor do not want to work. In reality, 41 percent of the poor worked and 13 percent of the poor work full time. Even though some people can work forty hours a week they still cant make the poverty line. The minimum wage does not keep up with the inflation of the dollar. Only about 3.5 percent of the poor population, can work, but dont. The two earner families are also the fastest growing group in poverty. Another myth is that most people on welfare are cheating the system. This however is not the case, only about five percent actually cheat the system. This is no more than another government program. The United States is not as generous on the welfare system as it is. The fact is that the United States are very stingy about their welfare system compared to other industrialize nations. Another myth is that people live off the welfare system and doesnt want to get off of it. Most people go off of the welfare within the first two years. They dont want to be on welfare, circumstances put them on it. Like lost job, death of spouse, illness, disability, or a child at home. Some people blame the poverty on the person that is poor. Things they may say would be like, they are too lazy to work or they are taking advantage of the system. These people believe in the person blame approach. The person blame approach focuses on social problems stem from pathological defects in an individual. This approach requires a person to be repaired psychologically in order to fix the social problem. The problem with this is that there is no blame on the persons environment and the social system of society. It is very hard to isolate what has happen in a persons life that caused the problem. It is even harder to fix a persons problem. This would require too many more doctors, institutions, and medical facilities To blame the social system is to take the system blame approach. This means that you are blaming the social problems on a government, a society, and anything else that might act on an individual. System blame stems from situations in which individuals are involved. The problem with system blame is that it leaves off all the blame from the individual, saying that they have no agency, or the ability to act on ones own, no free will. The question that no one ever thinks to ask is: If we had no poverty would we still have the same kind of life. The answer is no. Poverty is a necessary form of the economic and social structure. Without poverty our society would most likely break down and inflation would sky rocket. Think if everybody had a job, money and a good standard of living. Wouldnt that make it harder to find and provide jobs. Employers would have to pay outrageous sums of money so the corporation can hire the employee. This would be a disaster because no one would need to stay at their job if there is no competition for it. The will and hard work of the citizens of this country has work to hard to throw it all away. Poverty effects not only the people who have it, but those who dont want it. In conclusion a poor person is not a diseases, not something that is contagious, but a living thing that everybody should think about. Most poor people are not a bad person, but a person that may have ran into some tough times in their life.

What Are the Elements of a Ponzi Scheme

A Ponzi scheme is a scam investment designed to separate investors from their money. It is named after Charles Ponzi, who constructed one such scheme at the beginning of the 20th century, though the concept was well known prior to Ponzi. The scheme is designed to convince the public to place their money into a fraudulent investment. Once the scam artist feels that enough money has been collected, he disappears — taking all the money with him. 5 Key Elements of a Ponzi Scheme The Benefit: A promise that the investment will achieve an above normal rate of return. The rate of return is often specified. The promised rate of return has to be high enough to be worthwhile to the investor but not so high as to be unbelievable.The Setup: A relatively plausible explanation of how the investment can achieve these above normal rates of return. One often-used explanation is that the investor is skilled or has some inside information. Another possible explanation is that the investor has access to an investment opportunity not otherwise available to the general public.Initial Credibility: The person running the scheme needs to be believable enough to convince the initial investors to leave their money with him.Initial Investors Paid Off: For at least a few periods the investors need to make at least the promised rate of return — if not better.Communicated Successes: Other investors need to hear about the payoffs, such that their numbers grow exponentially. At t he very least more money needs to be coming in than is being paid back to investors. How Do Ponzi Schemes Work? Ponzi Schemes are quite basic but can be extraordinarily powerful. The steps are as follows: Convince a few investors to place money into the investment.After the specified time return the investment money to the investors plus the specified interest rate or return.Pointing to the historical success of the investment, convince more investors to place their money into the system. Typically the vast majority of the earlier investors will return. Why would they not? The system has been providing them with great benefits.Repeat steps one through three a number of times. During step two at one of the cycles, break the pattern. Instead of returning the investment money and paying the promised return, escape with the money and start a new life. How Big Can Ponzi Schemes Get? Into the billions of dollars. In 2008 we saw the fall of arguably the largest Ponzi scheme in history — Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC. The scheme had all the ingredients of a classic Ponzi scheme, including a founder, Bernard L. Madoff, that had a great deal of credibility as he had been in the investment business since 1960. Madoff had also been the chairman of the board of directors of NASDAQ, an American stock exchange. The estimated losses from the Ponzi scheme are between 34 and 50 billion U.S. dollars. The Madoff scheme collapsed; Madoff had told his sons that clients had requested approximately $7 billion in redemptions, that he was struggling to obtain the liquidity necessary to meet those obligations.